Overview
This unit provides an introduction to common injuries that occur in sports. You will learn about mechanisms and risk factors of various sports injuries, injury prevention and rehabilitation processes and interventions, and how these apply to different athlete populations and training scenarios. Emphasis is placed on providing an understanding of the aetiology, treatment and prevention, and acute management of common sports injuries. You will also gain practical skills in sports taping techniques, delivery of injury prevention programs, assessing and monitoring injury risk factors, and assessing return to sport. The content of this unit builds on knowledge gained in other units related to anatomy and physiology, functional anatomy, and physical activity, health, and fitness.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Pre-requisites: BMSC11001 Human Body Systems 1; BMSC11002 Human Body Systems 2; ESSC11001 Physical Activity, Fitness and HealthCo-requisite: ESSC13007 Functional Anatomy
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 2 - 2019
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes – in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Residential Schools
This unit has a Compulsory Residential School for distance mode students and the details are:
Click here to see your Residential School Timetable.
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Undergraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of ‘pass’ in order to pass the unit. If any ‘pass/fail’ tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully (‘pass’ grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the ‘assessment task’ section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University’s Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback – Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
- Identify risk factors, mechanisms, and processes associated with sports injuries
- Recognise factors that impact different athlete populations and training scenarios as they relate to sports injuries
- Summarise current evidence regarding the aetiology, prevention and management of sports injuries
- Demonstrate professional practice and ethical behaviour for appropriate prevention and management of sports injuries as expected in exercise and sport science settings.
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
1 - Online Quiz(zes) - 30% | ||||
2 - Case Study - 40% | ||||
3 - Written Assessment - 30% | ||||
4 - Practical Assessment - 0% |
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
1 - Communication | ||||
2 - Problem Solving | ||||
3 - Critical Thinking | ||||
4 - Information Literacy | ||||
5 - Team Work | ||||
6 - Information Technology Competence | ||||
7 - Cross Cultural Competence | ||||
8 - Ethical practice | ||||
9 - Social Innovation | ||||
10 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures |
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Graduate Attributes
Assessment Tasks | Graduate Attributes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
1 - Online Quiz(zes) - 30% | ||||||||||
2 - Case Study - 40% | ||||||||||
3 - Written Assessment - 30% | ||||||||||
4 - Practical Assessment - 0% |
Textbooks
There are no required textbooks.
Additional Textbook Information
There is no required textbook for this unit.
Readings will be provided as a series of course resources online (CROs) and journal articles, which will be available via CQUniversity Library and/or the ESSC12009 Moodle site.
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
- Zoom Video Conferencing platform
- Adobe Acrobat Reader (or similar) software for viewing PDF documents
- Microsft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing style: American Psychological Association 6th Edition (APA 6th edition)
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
c.kean@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
Unit Overview
Introduction
to Sport Injury Prevention and Management
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Overview of Sport Injuries
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Overview of Injury Prevention, Injury Assessment,
and Return to Play
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Common Injuries of the Upper Body I
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 1 Opens:
Week 4 Monday (5 Aug. 2019) 8:00 am AEST
Module/Topic
Common Injuries of the Upper Body II
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 1 Closes:
Week 5 Monday (12 Aug. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Common Injuries of the Lower Body I
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Common Injuries of the Head and Trunk
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 2 Opens:
Week 8 Monday (9 Sep. 2019) 8:00 am AEST
Module/Topic
Select
Topics in Sport Injury Prevention and Management I
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 2 Closes:
Week 9 Monday (16 Sep. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Select
Topics in Sport Injury Prevention and Management II
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Select
Topics in Sport Injury Prevention and Management III
Chapter
Readings provided via Moodle
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Review
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 3 Opens: Week 12 Monday (7 Oct. 2019) 8:00 am AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Quiz 3 Closes:
Review/Exam Week Monday (14 Oct. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Case Study – Team Sport Scenario Due: Review/Exam Week Monday (14 Oct 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Compulsory On-campus Laboratory Activity Information
This unit includes compulsory on-campus laboratory activities. You MUST attend the session(s) specific to your enrolment as outlined below:
Students enrolled via Rockhampton (ROK)
You are required to attend the two-day laboratory block session scheduled on the Rockhampton North Campus (Bld 81, Exercise and Sport Science Labs). Please see the CQUniversity Handbook and the ESSC12009 Moodle site for up-to-date information.
Students enrolled via Mackay (MKY)
You are required to attend the two-day laboratory block session
scheduled on the Mackay City Campus (Bld 4, Exercise and Sport Science Labs).
Please see the CQUniversity
Handbook and the ESSC12009 Moodle site for up-to-date information.
Students enrolled via Cairns (CNS)
You are required to attend the two-day laboratory block session scheduled on Cairns Campus (Exercise and Sport Science Labs located at Cairns Basketball Association Headquarters). Please see the CQUniversity Handbook and the ESSC12009 Moodle site for up-to-date information.
Students enrolled via Mixed Mode (MIX)
You are required to the two-day residential school scheduled term on the Rockhampton North Campus (Bld 81, Exercise and Sport Science Labs). Please see the CQUniversity Handbook and the ESSC12009 Moodle site for up-to-date information.
If
you prefer to attend an alternate location to that specified for your
enrolment, please contact the Unit Coordinator to discuss options.
1 Online Quiz(zes)
The Online Quizzes Assessment comprises of three (3) online quizzes consisting of multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions. Each online quiz is to be completed on your own using multiple resources to help answer the questions. It is your responsibility to log on to Moodle and complete each online quiz during the time the quiz is available. Online quizzes should be completed on a computer as attempting the quiz on a smartphone can result in your session being ended in the event of a phone call or notification.
NOTE:
In the absence of an approved extension there will be no late submissions
allowed for any of the online quizzes that make up this assessment item.
Quiz
1 (10% of final grade)
Quiz 1 will be held in Week 4 and will assess content related to lectures, tutorials, and
compulsory readings/videos associated with Weeks 1 – 3 (inclusive). Quiz 1 will
contain 20 questions and you will have 30 minutes to complete this quiz.
You can only attempt Quiz 1 once and it must be completed in a single session. You cannot save your answers and return to this quiz at a later time.
The quiz will be available during the following times:
Open Date: Week 4 Monday (5 Aug. 2019) at 8:00 am AEST
Close Date: Week 5 Monday (12 Aug. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
It is your responsibility to log on to Moodle and complete the quiz during the
time the quiz is available.
Quiz 2 (10% of final grade)
Quiz 2 will be held in Week 8 and will assess content related to lectures, tutorials, and compulsory
readings/videos associated with Weeks 4 – 7 (inclusive). Quiz 2 will contain 20
questions and you will have 30 minutes to complete this quiz.
You can only attempt Quiz 2 once and it must be completed in a single session. You cannot save your answers and return to this quiz at a later time.
The quiz will be available during the following times:
Open Date: Week 8 Monday (9 Sep. 2019) 8:00 am AEST
Close Date: Week 9 Monday (16 Sep. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
It
is your responsibility to log on to Moodle and complete the quiz during the
time the quiz is available.
Quiz 3 (10% of final grade)
Quiz 3 will be held in Week 12 and will assess content related to lectures, tutorials, and compulsory readings/videos associated with Weeks 8 – 11 (inclusive). Quiz 3 will contain 20 questions and you will have 30 minutes to complete this quiz.
You can only attempt Quiz 3 once and it must be completed in a single session. You cannot save your answers and return to this quiz at a later time.
The quiz will be available during the following times:
Open Date: Week 12 Monday (7 Oct. 2019) 8:00 am AEST
Close Date: Review/Exam Week Monday (14 Oct. 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
It is your responsibility to log on to Moodle and complete the quiz during the time the quiz is available.
3
Other
Due dates for each quiz are as per the Task Description information. In the absence of an approved extension, no attempts after the due date will be permitted.
You will receive the overall result for each online quiz upon completion; however, you will see detailed feedback regarding the correct answers for each question in each online quiz upon closure of the quiz.
Responses to online quiz questions will be marked as correct or incorrect by the Moodle Online Quiz System and tabulated to give your mark for each online quiz. Each question will be worth 1 mark. For questions with text-based responses (e.g. fill-in-the-blank) you should take care with spelling (Australian English) and grammar, as answers are spelling and grammar sensitive.
- Identify risk factors, mechanisms, and processes associated with sports injuries
- Recognise factors that impact different athlete populations and training scenarios as they relate to sports injuries
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Information Literacy
- Information Technology Competence
- Cross Cultural Competence
- Ethical practice
2 Written Assessment
Reviews of the literature are important contributions to science. They provide a concise summary of what is currently known about a topic. The purpose of this literature review is for you to summarise the existing scientific literature related to a specific sport injury. For this assessment you will select one (1) of the sporting injuries listed below and summarise recent literature pertaining to your selected injury.
Sporting Injuries (select one (1)):
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
- Achilles Tendinopathy
- Femoroacetabular Impingement
- Rotator Cuff Tear
- Lateral Epicondylalgia
- Superior Labrum Anterior To Posterior (SLAP) Lesion
Please refer to the following guidelines to assist in the completion of your literature review:
- Word Count: 1500-2000 (excluding title page, tables/figures, and reference list). Please note, this word count is strict and additional words beyond 2000 will not be read/marked.
- Formatting: The Word file (.doc or .docx) of your submission is to be double-spaced, with 2.54 cm margins on all sides, and all pages numbered consecutively. You may use subheadings to separate sections of the literature review. Use 12-point Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri font, and set the text alignment to justify.
- Title Page: A title page including the title of the review, student name and number, word count, and number of tables/figures.
- Tables and Figures: Maximum of 3 tables and figures (combined total). Any tables/figures should be inserted directly into the main text rather than at the end of the document and should be formatted as per American Psychological Association (APA) style. Information within tables/figures do not count towards word count limits.
- Referencing: American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style is to be used throughout the assessment. This include APA formatted in-text citations throughout the literature review and a full reference list provided at the end of the submission file. All reference sources must be peer-reviewed journal articles (Note: textbooks, blogs, and other online sources are not acceptable sources for a literature review).
- Submission: Your Word file (.doc or .docx format) is to be submitted via the Literature Review submission link on the ESSC12009 Moodle page. Only .doc, and .docx formats will be accepted. You will not be able to submit other file formats. In addition, files submitted via email (or any other means beyond the Moodle submission link) will not be marked.
Please be advised the assessment submission will be checked for plagiarism (and other types of academic misconduct). You are advised to familiarise yourself with CQUniversity’s Academic Misconduct Procedures. Any assessments suspected of plagiarism (or other type of academic misconduct) will be handled in accordance to CQUniversity’s Academic Misconduct Procedures with subsequent penalties applied.
Week 10 Monday (23 Sept 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Assessments submitted after the due date, without an approved extension, will incur late penalties in accordance with CQUniversity's Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework). Assessments will not be accepted for grading after 5:00 pm AEST on 13 October 2019 (without an approved extension).
Week 12 Monday (7 Oct 2019)
The literature review is designed to assess your ability to
critically evaluate, analyse, and summarise the scientific literature related
to a specific sport injury. You will be assessed on the following criteria:
Review Content (70%)
- Introduction: An overview of the injury that highlights what the injury is and the importance of the topic; a clear and concise statement outlining the purpose of the review
- Main Body: A detailed synthesis of the current literature related to the injury including information regarding epidemiology, mechanisms (i.e. aetiology), and risk factors of the selected injury, as well as current evidence of injury prevention, treatment strategies, and return to play for the selected injury
- Conclusion: A clear and concise summary of the main points within the review
- Use of Sources: A minimum of 15 peer-reviewed journal articles used effectively throughout the review; peer-reviewed journal articles used are current (published within last 15 years) and relevant to the selected injury; correct use and formatting of in-text citations (APA style)
Writing/Submission Formatting (30%)
- Adherence to guidelines
- Conciseness of writing and use of scientific terms
- Paragraph structure
- Writing fluency between paragraphs
- Spelling and grammar
- Completeness and formatting of reference list (APA style)
A detailed marking rubric will be made available on the Moodle site.
- Identify risk factors, mechanisms, and processes associated with sports injuries
- Summarise current evidence regarding the aetiology, prevention and management of sports injuries
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Critical Thinking
- Information Literacy
- Information Technology Competence
3 Case Study
You will be presented with a case study describing a team sport scenario. Based on the case study, you will provide a five (5)-part written response to the scenario which address each criteria described in Part A – E below:
Part A: Strategies for monitoring and screening of athletes for injury risk
Part B: Strategies for implementation of an injury prevention training program
Part C: A plan for identifying and reporting athlete injuries with appropriate referral plans to other health care providers
Part D: A training session plan to assist an athlete’s return to play
Part E: A discussion of factors that influence decision-making on an athlete’s readiness to return to play
Responses for each part must include a minimum of two (2) references (i.e. recent peer-reviewed journal articles, best-practice recommendations, position statements, or clinical guidelines) to support and justify your written response. If appropriate, references may be used for more than one part of your written response.
Please refer to the following guidelines to assist in the completion of your case study assessment:
- Word Count: Word count limits for each part listed above will be specified in the case study file.
- Formatting: The Word file (.doc or .docx) of your submission is to be double-spaced, with 2.54 cm margins on all sides, and all pages numbered consecutively. Use headings to separate the responses to each part of the assessment. Use 12-point Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri font, and set the text alignment to justify.
- Title Page: A title page including the title of the assessment, student name and number, word count for each part of the written response.
- Referencing: American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style is to be used throughout the assessment. This include APA formatted in-text citations throughout the written responses and a full reference list provided at the end of the submission file. References must be recent peer-reviewed journal articles, best-practice recommendations, position statements, or clinical guidelines. Peer-reviewed journal articles will be considered recent if published within the last five (5) years. Best-practice recommendations, position statements, or clinical guidelines, must be from reputable sources (i.e. Exercise and Sports Science Australia, Sport Medicine Australia, Exercise is Medicine, American College of Sport Medicine), published within the last five (5) years, and the most recent iteration.
- Submission: Your Word file (.doc or .docx format) is to be submitted via the Case Study submission link on the ESSC12009 Moodle page. Only .doc, and .docx formats will be accepted. You will not be able to submit other file formats. In addition, files submitted via email (or any other means beyond the Moodle submission link) will not be marked.
Please be advised the assessment submission will be checked for plagiarism (and other types of academic misconduct). You are advised to familiarise yourself with CQUniversity’s Academic Misconduct Procedures. Any assessments suspected of plagiarism (or other type of academic misconduct) will be handled in accordance to CQUniversity’s Academic Misconduct Procedures with subsequent penalties applied.
The case study file will be provided via the ESSC12009 Moodle site at the end of Week 4.
Review/Exam Week Monday (14 Oct 2019) 5:00 pm AEST
Assessments submitted after the due date, without an approved extension, will incur late penalties in accordance with CQUniversity's Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework). Assessments will not be accepted for grading after 5:00 pm AEST on 28 October 2019 (without an approved extension).
Marks and feedback will be returned upon certification of grade.
Total marks for each question will be specified in the case study file available on Moodle along with a detailed marking rubric. Marks will be awarded based on:
- Relevance of content and level of detail of the written response
- Use of suitable references to support the written response with correct formatting (APA style)
- Ability to communicate through use of professional terminology and the clarity and conciseness of the written response
- Adherence to assessment guidelines
- Adherence to word count
- Spelling and grammar
- Completeness and formatting of reference list (APA style)
- Recognise factors that impact different athlete populations and training scenarios as they relate to sports injuries
- Summarise current evidence regarding the aetiology, prevention and management of sports injuries
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Critical Thinking
- Information Literacy
- Information Technology Competence
- Cross Cultural Competence
- Ethical practice
4 Practical Assessment
This assessment involves compulsory attendance and active participation in the on-campus laboratory activities of the unit. You are required to attend (and actively participate in) one (1) of the timetabled on-campus laboratory activity sessions. Different sessions are available depending on your mode of enrolment (i.e. ROK, MKY, CNS, MIX) and you must attend the session based on your enrolment (unless arrangements have been made with Unit Coordinator). Further details regarding these sessions can be found in the Term Specific Information section of this Unit Profile, on the ESSC12009 Moodle site, and via the CQUniversity Handbook. No additional sessions will be available beyond the due date, unless acceptable reasons (with supporting documentation) are provided to warrant an adjustment to the assessment. Please see the CQUniversity Assessment Policy and Procedures (Higher Education Coursework) for further information.
A
series of practical laboratory-based tasks will be completed during the
on-campus laboratory activity sessions and in order to successfully pass this
assessment item you must attend and participate in all tasks. A
Laboratory Workbook will be provided to students on the ESSC12009 Moodle site
prior to the on-campus laboratory activity sessions.
To complete this assessment item you must:
- Sign the attendance sheet. Please note there will be multiple attendance sheets to sign throughout the activity sessions.
- Bring a printed copy of the Laboratory Workbook to the on-campus laboratory activity sessions.
- Complete the Laboratory Workbook while undertaking the on-campus laboratory activities.
- Demonstrate skills relevant to sport injury prevention and management during the on-campus laboratory activities.
All on-campus laboratory sessions will be completed by Friday 30 August 2019. Please see the CQUniversity Handbook and the ESSC12009 Moodle site for specific session dates. Attendance and the Laboratory Workbook will be assessed throughout the on-campus laboratory activity sessions. There is no formal submission required by the due date. No additional sessions will be available beyond the due date, unless acceptable reasons (with supporting documentation) are provided to warrant an adjustment to the assessment. Please see the CQUniversity Assessment Policy and Procedures (Higher Education Coursework) for further information.
Marks (Pass/Fail) will be returned within two (2) weeks of the last on-campus laboratory session.
Attendance at the on-campus laboratory activity, with sufficient active participation, will result in a passing grade for this assessment. Attendance at the on-campus activities will be assessed through signed laboratory attendance sheets and facilitated by staff members managing the sessions. You will need to sign an attendance sheet for each session. Active participation will be assessed via completion of the Laboratory Workbook and demonstration of skills. The Laboratory Workbook will be assessed at the conclusion of each practical task, therefore it is necessary that you bring a printed copy of the Laboratory Workbook with you to your on-campus laboratory activity.
Failure to attend and adequately participate may result in a fail grade for this assessment item, and being unable to pass this unit.
If you miss a session without an approved reason, there will NOT be an opportunity to simply ‘catch up’ at any time. The CQUniversity Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework) outlines acceptable reasons for adjusting assessment. If you do not attend one (1) of the on-campus laboratory activities, and provide a valid reason with supporting documentation, then an attempt to make alternate arrangements will be made (for example a ‘catch up’ session at a suitable time or an alternative assessment/task) in consultation with the Unit Coordinator.
- Demonstrate professional practice and ethical behaviour for appropriate prevention and management of sports injuries as expected in exercise and sport science settings.
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Critical Thinking
- Information Literacy
- Team Work
- Information Technology Competence
- Cross Cultural Competence
- Ethical practice
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.