Overview
Identification of the characteristic histopathological and cytopathological features of human organ systems and the hallmarks of pathological dysregulation of tissue organisation is fundamental to the work of the medical laboratory scientist. In this unit you will study normal and abnormal histopathological features of a range of tissues along with normal and abnormal cytopathological features of a range of cells. The relationship between cellular injury, immune response, tumour formation, infection and pathological dysregulation of tissue organisation will be explored in relation to clinical cases you may encounter. You will develop the knowledge and skills to perform microscopic examination of tissues and cells. Case studies will include new developments in immunohistochemistry and fluorescence imaging. You will be required to attend a compulsory residential school for development and assessment of your skill in histological and cytological techniques. The residential school may be scheduled outside of the term of offering of the unit.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Prerequisites: Enrolment in Master of Laboratory Medicine.
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 1 - 2024
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes - in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Postgraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of 'pass' in order to pass the unit. If any 'pass/fail' tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully ('pass' grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the 'assessment task' section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University's Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback - Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
Feedback, Recommendations and Responses
Every unit is reviewed for enhancement each year. At the most recent review, the following staff and student feedback items were identified and recommendations were made.
Feedback from SUTE and self reflection
The unit has a significant volume of material
Revise the unit's content and delivery for 2024. Construct some classes using Moodle Lessons to help students digest the material.
Feedback from email and SUTE
The student learning experience, and academic rigour of the unit, would be improved if there were more assessment tasks.
Discuss assessment options and gradings with the DDLT team and Head of Course for 2024.
Feedback from Self reflection
Students appear to be largely disengaged and more could be done to promote engagement with the unit.
Implement more interactive tutorials. Provide students with a weekly discussion topic, and ensure they have time dedicated in the tutorial to discuss with peers. Implement Kahoot style quizzes in the tutorials to keep them engaged.
- Critique changes in anatomical pathology techniques and how they have improved diagnosis
- Apply professional knowledge of inflammatory processes and tissue responses to clinical contexts
- Demonstrate skills in histological and cytological techniques, including the process of sectioning, antigen retrieval and staining
- Apply professional knowledge of the neoplastic process, grading and staging of neoplasms and gene expression to clinical contexts
- Discuss the principles, mechanisms, requirements and the application of use for special stain procedures and specialised fixation techniques in histology and cytology.
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
| Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 1 - Poster Sessions - 20% | |||||
| 2 - Online Quiz(zes) - 30% | |||||
| 3 - Laboratory/Practical - 0% | |||||
| 4 - Examination - 50% | |||||
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
| Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 1 - Knowledge | |||||
| 2 - Communication | |||||
| 3 - Cognitive, technical and creative skills | |||||
| 4 - Research | |||||
| 5 - Self-management | |||||
| 6 - Ethical and Professional Responsibility | |||||
| 7 - Leadership | |||||
| 8 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures | |||||
Textbooks
Cellular Pathology: An Introduction to Techniques and Applications
Edition: 3rd (2015)
Authors: D. J. Cook & P. J. Warren
Scion
Banbury Banbury , United Kingdom
ISBN: 9781907904356
Binding: Paperback
Wheater's Functional Histology A Text and Colour Atlas
Edition: Sixth (2014)
Authors: Young, B., O'Dowd, G., Woodford, P.
Elsevier
ISBN: 9780702047473
Binding: Paperback
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
- Zoom
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing styles below:
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
i.christiansen@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
1. Fixation, Cut-up
2. Tissue Processing and Embedding
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 3
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 4.1-4.4, 5
Events and Submissions/Topic
Discussion Forum: Experience in pathology
Module/Topic
1. Sectioning, Coverslipping and Artefacts
2. Microscopy
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 4.5, 6.1, 1.2
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 17, 19
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: How to write a poster
Module/Topic
Staining:
1. Haematoxylin and Eosin,
2. Carbohydrates, Connective Tissue and Muscle
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 7
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 8
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: Recap of topics 1-3
Module/Topic
Staining:
1. Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence
2. Molecular techniques
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 12
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 15-16
Events and Submissions/Topic
Discussion Forum
Module/Topic
Staining:
1. Pigments, microbiology and amyloid
2. Silver, Lipids and enzymes
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 10.1, 11
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 7.6, 8.6, 9.3
Events and Submissions/Topic
Assessing a case study
Poster Due: Week 5 Friday (5 Apr 2024) 11:55 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Break Week
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
1. Tissues, inflammation and repair
2. Cell death and the 'plasias'.
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 2.1, 2.2; Young et. al., Ch 4, 5, 6, 7
2. Cook & Warren: Ch 2.3-2.7
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: Recap of topics 4-6
Module/Topic
1. The Integumentary System
2. The Respiratory System
Chapter
1. Young et al.: Ch 9
2. Young et al.: Ch 12
Events and Submissions/Topic
Discussion Forum
Module/Topic
1. The Digestive System
2. The Liver
Chapter
1. Young et al.: Ch 14
2. Young et al.: Ch 15
Events and Submissions/Topic
No tutorial this week
Module/Topic
1. The Female Reproductive System
2. The Male Reproductive System
Chapter
1. Young et al.: Ch 19
2. Young et al.: Ch 18
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: Recap weeks 7-9
Module/Topic
1. The Cardiovasucular System and Musculoskeletal System
2. The Endocrine and Lymphatic Systems
Chapter
1. Young et al.: Ch 8, 10
2. Young et al.: Ch 15, 11, 17
Events and Submissions/Topic
Discussion Forum: Case Study
Module/Topic
1. The Renal System
2. The Nervous System
Chapter
1. Young et al.: Ch 16
2. Young et al.: Ch 20
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: Image analysis
Module/Topic
1. Cytology and Techniques
2. Diagnostic Cytopathology
Chapter
1. Cook & Warren: Ch 13
2. Young et al.: Ch 14
Events and Submissions/Topic
Tutorial: Recap weeks 1-12
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
An invigilated examination will be scheduled in the scheduled examination period from 06 June 2024 - 14 June 2024. Students will be notified of the exact date once it has been scheduled.
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
An invigilated examination will be scheduled in the scheduled examination period from 06 June 2024 - 14 June 2024. Students will be notified of the exact date once it has been scheduled.
Your unit coordinators for LMED29002 Anatomical Pathology 1 are Ingrid Christiansen and Associate Professor Paul Neilsen. Your primary contact point is Ingrid and you can contact Ingrid using the following means:
- Via the forum on the unit's Moodle site. The forum for this unit is continuously monitored and you can expect a response within one (1) business day of posting your question;
- Through email (i.christiansen@cqu.edu.au) or
- Via telephone on 07 4930 6518.
As the name suggests, this unit will provide you with technical and applied knowledge of anatomical pathology. LMED29002 Anatomical Pathology 1 is a core unit in one course:
CM18 - Master of Laboratory Medicine
Tutorials will be delivered each week at the Rockhampton campus, and students who are enrolled in either mixed mode or at the Melbourne campus will be able to join these classes via Zoom. These tutorials will also be recorded for the benefit of those students who are unable to attend the live lectures and tutorials. During the tutorials, you will work through the discussion topics or weekly study questions that are provided to you on the Moodle site. These discussion topics and weekly study questions will help you apply knowledge learned during the weekly lecture and prepare you for the assessments. You will gain the most benefit from the tutorials if you watch/attend the weekly lectures beforehand and attempt the weekly study questions. You are strongly encouraged to participate in tutorials, as studies have shown that students who attend the tutorials and participate in discussions have higher rates of success (Karnik et al., 2020). Weekly revision quizzes are also provided to reinforce the knowledge you have gained from the lectures and to support your learning experience in this unit.
You will be provided an opportunity to explore how to apply the knowledge learnt in lecture material in a compulsory residential school (exact dates to be advised). This residential school is planned to take place outside of the standard teaching term and students will be advised of the dates as organised through the timetabling team in Term 3. Here you will be mirroring anatomical pathology laboratory techniques with guidance from an industry professional.
As per Australian educational standards, you are expected to commit 150 hours of engagement to your study of this unit. This is broken down as:
2 - 3 hours per week watching recorded lectures and revising the content through study notes
3 - 4 hours per week completing the weekly study questions and weekly revision quizzes on the unit's Moodle site.
1 - 2 hours per week attending the weekly tutorial and reflecting on your answers to the weekly study questions
3 - 4 hours per week preparing your assessments or studying for your exams
Karnik, A., Kishore, P., & Meraj, M. (2020). Examining the linkage between class attendance at university and academic performance in an International Branch Campus setting. Research in Comparative and International Education, 15(4), 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499920958855
1 Poster Sessions
Diagnostic anatomical pathology is a dynamic landscape. Most of the tissue and cell slide preparation techniques have existed for >100 years, but are constantly evolving.
You will be required to create a poster outlining the evolution of one of these slide preparation techniques and how it has improved the diagnosis in anatomical pathology. You will NOT be required to provide diagnoses, rather outline the development and enhancement of existing slide preparation techniques.
Some of the topics include (but are not limited to):
* Fixation
* Cut-Up / Macrodissection
* Cytology slide preparation
* Tissue Processing
* Embedding
* Microtomy
* Staining (there are many of these to choose from)
* Coverslipping
Remember to include a technique which is unique to anatomical pathology.
The poster should be completed in Microsoft PowerPoint or similar.
PLEASE BE CAREFUL! Choose your topic wisely. For example - The Gram Stain on bacteria is NOT a relevant Anatoical Pathology technique. If in doubt, please contact your unit coordinator.
Week 5 Friday (5 Apr 2024) 11:55 pm AEST
Week 6 Friday (19 Apr 2024)
Marks for this assessment will be awarded as per the rubric/marking guide provided in the Assessment tile on the Moodle site. Your written assessment will be marked on the following criteria:
- Is the topic relevant to Anatomical Pathology?
- Critical evaluation of how the technique has evolved over time;
- Presents a clear and detailed understanding of the technique/topic;
- Sections are clearly outlined and there is structured flow;
- Appropriate use of images;
- Quality of poster presentation - i.e. eye-catching, self-explanatory, etc.
- Quality, quantity and formatting of references;
- Grammar, sentence construction and spelling;
- Formatting of the poster;
- Referencing and academic integrity
- Critique changes in anatomical pathology techniques and how they have improved diagnosis
- Discuss the principles, mechanisms, requirements and the application of use for special stain procedures and specialised fixation techniques in histology and cytology.
2 Online Quiz(zes)
This assessment task requires you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of histological and cytological techniques that you learn in this unit. You are required to complete two (2) online quizzes.
- Each quiz will be comprised of multiple choice/true-false and short answer questions.
- Your time limit for each quiz is 30 minutes.
- The quiz will automatically submit at the completion of the 30 minute duration.
- You will be allowed one attempt at each quiz.
- Each quiz is worth 15%, and overall will contribute 30% to your final grade. You will only be able to access and complete Quiz 2 after you have attempted Quiz 1.
| Quiz | Opens | Closes | Covers |
| 1 | 18 March 2024 | 22 March 2024 | Weeks 1-3 |
| 2 | 15 April 2024 | 19 April 2024 | Weeks 4-5 |
Quiz
Opens
Closes
Covers
1
11 August 2023 (Week 5)
25 August 2023 (Week 6)
Weeks 1-5
2
29 September 2023 (Week 11)
6 October 2023 (Week 12)
Weeks 6-12
2
Other
Please see the timeline outlined above for specific information about quiz opening times and due dates
Quiz results will become available two weeks after the quiz due date.
The questions will be marked upon submission of your quiz. You will receive your grade following the completion of your quiz, and correct answers to each individual quiz questions will be available after the due date of the quiz. The unit coordinator will check that all questions have been marked correctly.
- Apply professional knowledge of inflammatory processes and tissue responses to clinical contexts
- Discuss the principles, mechanisms, requirements and the application of use for special stain procedures and specialised fixation techniques in histology and cytology.
3 Laboratory/Practical
Over the duration of the residential school / block practical you will learn to perform slide preparation processes, learn how to recognise different tissue types, simulate a Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) technique and prepare a series of stains in accordance with instructions in the practical manual. You will be assessed on the quality of those stains by academic staff with expertise in histology and cytology. You must achieve a collective minimum of 50% on each of the three key areas to pass this assessment. These key areas are:
1. Haematoxylin and Eosin slide preparation (Skill)
2. Special Staining techniques (Skill)
3. Theory
Due to be handed in at the completion of the residential school
Due to be marked and returned within two weeks following the residential school
Assessment of the slides will be done by academic staff with expertise in histology and cytology. Prepared slides will be submitted with a workbook.
1. Haematoxylin and Eosin Slide Preparation (Skills)
- Microtomy and H&E staining. You will section 5 different blocks of tissue, stain them using H&E staining, and label the slide accordingly.
- Assessors will be checking the quality of each of the prepared slides, if the coverslip is on the correct side, if there's a full-face of tissue, if there are any artefacts and whether or not the slide is labelled correctly.
2. Special Staining Techniques (Skills):
This assessment must be handed to the assessor for marking on completion.
Items assessed include:
- Three different special histochemical stains. The stains will be assessed on appropriateness, intensity, quality of the remaining tissue and labelling.
- Simulated fine needle aspirate and exfoliative cell collection followed by preparation of slides and cytology staining. The stains will be assessed on the cells on slides, and the labelling.
- Immunohistochemistry stain. The stain will be assessed on the intensity of the stains, quality of the remaining tissue and labelling.
Theory component:
- Identification of five tissue blocks.
- Completion of the workbook. A series of questions will assess your knowledge and understanding of histology, cytology and histological/cytological techniques. It is recommended that you do some pre-reading prior to residential school / block practical.
Students who fail to achieve 50% (Pass) on their first attempt will be granted a second attempt.
- Demonstrate skills in histological and cytological techniques, including the process of sectioning, antigen retrieval and staining
Examination
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.
What can you do to act with integrity?
