Overview
This unit prepares you for the safe and effective use of ionising radiation for radiographic imaging in the simulated and clinical environment. The unit covers production and control of the radiation beam, radiation interactions in matter and risk of detriment to the human body from exposure to radiation. Radiation safety and dose minimisation practices are examined in light of current findings on detriment from low level radiation.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Pre-requisites: MEDI11001 Fundamentals of the Imaging Professions; and MEDI11002 Physics for Health Science; and ESSC11004 Study and Research Skills for Health Sciences (replacing SCIE11023)
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 1 - 2017
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes – in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Undergraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of ‘pass’ in order to pass the unit. If any ‘pass/fail’ tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully (‘pass’ grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the ‘assessment task’ section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University’s Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback – Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
Feedback, Recommendations and Responses
Every unit is reviewed for enhancement each year. At the most recent review, the following staff and student feedback items were identified and recommendations were made.
Feedback from Coordinator self-reflection Have your say evaluation
Use of concept maps to aid in learning.
Concept maps were used during consolidation week and worked well as a revision tool. Include more concept maps during tutorials to help enhance students' understanding of key content covered in the course.
Concept maps were used frequently during tutorials.
Feedback from Coordinator self-reflection Have your say evaluation
Use of study guides for tutorials.
Provide study guides as a self-study tool for students to test their understanding of the course content. Include more interactive activities for tutorial sessions.
Instead of study guide questions, interactive activities including scenario-based questions were adapted for the tutorials.
- Outline the design, structure and operation of the x-ray tube in the production of x-radiation.
- Discuss the use of devices and technical parameters to control the production, filtration and emission of the x-ray beam.
- Apply knowledge of x-ray interactive processes, probabilities of interactions and exponential attenuation concepts to the control of absorption and scatter in radiographic imaging and radiation protection.
- Discuss the long and short term effects of ionising radiation on the human body, embryo and foetus.
- Apply the ALARA principle to the operation of x-ray equipment and the practice of radiography.
Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia Professional Capabilities for Medical Radiation Practice:
Domain 4: 1. Implement safe radiation practice appropriate to their division of registration. 2. Confirm and operate equipment safely and appropriate to their division of registration. 3. Maintain safety of self and others in the work environment appropriate to their division of registration. 4. Safely manage radiation and radioactivity in the environment.
Domain 5: 2. Apply principles of medical radiation physics and instrumentation.
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1 - In-class Test(s) - 40% | |||||
2 - In-class Test(s) - 60% |
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1 - Communication | |||||
2 - Problem Solving | |||||
3 - Critical Thinking | |||||
4 - Information Literacy | |||||
5 - Team Work | |||||
6 - Information Technology Competence | |||||
7 - Cross Cultural Competence | |||||
8 - Ethical practice | |||||
9 - Social Innovation | |||||
10 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures |
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Graduate Attributes
Assessment Tasks | Graduate Attributes | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
1 - In-class Test(s) - 40% | ||||||||||
2 - In-class Test(s) - 60% |
Textbooks
Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection
Edition: 11th (2014)
Authors: Stewart C. Bushong
Elsevier
Philadelphia Philadelphia , PA , USA
ISBN: 9780323353779
Binding: Hardcover
The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging
Edition: 3rd (2014)
Authors: Jerrold T. Bushberg Et Al
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Philadelphia Philadelphia , PA , USA
ISBN: 9781469871738
Binding: Hardcover
Additional Textbook Information
Students taking this course will be using the two textbooks for the course MEDI12002: Science & Instrumentation 1 as well.Students may use either the hardcopy (ISBN 9780781780575) or e-book version (ISBN 9781469871738 ) of The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging text.
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing style: Harvard (author-date)
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
r.d.kumar@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
X-ray tube construction and operation
- Review of Physics foundation concepts associated with medical imaging
- Internal and external structure of the x-ray tube
-
Contribution of the internal structures towards x-ray tube operation
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Lab 1
Module/Topic
X-ray production
- Heat production at anode
- Characteristic radiation process
- Bremsstrahlung radiation process
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Lab 2
Module/Topic
X-ray spectrum
- X-ray emission spectrum
- Impact of exposure time, mAs and kVp on beam spectrum
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Lab 3
Module/Topic
Interaction of x-rays with matter
- Compton scattering
- Photoelectric effect
- Factors affecting probability of interactions of x-ray with matter
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Lab 4
Module/Topic
X-ray beam attenuation
- Exponential attenuation
- Added and inherent filtration
- HVL
- Impact of filtration on beam spectrum
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Lab 5
Module/Topic
Break
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiosensitivity and Radiation risk
- Radiosensitivity classification of cell and tissue type
- Physical and biological factors affecting radiation response
- Stochastic versus Deterministic effects
- Radiation dose-response relationships
- Epidemiological studies to assess risk of radiation detriment
- Risk models
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Hereditary effects of radiation
- Review of meiosis and gamete production
- Radiation effect on different developmental stages of pregancy
- Target theory
- Models of cell survival
- Cell recovery
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiation effects at the cellular level, on the body systems and the body
- Review of mitosis process
- In-vitro irradiation of macromolecules (main-chain scission, cross-linking and point lesions)
- Effects of radiation on DNA
- Radiolysis of water
- Direct and indirect effects of radiation
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Expressions of radiation quantity
- Radiation regulations and governing bodies
- SI and/or tradition units of measure (Exposure, exposure rate, radioactivity, KERMA, entrance surface dose, dose area product, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, tissue weighting factor)
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiation protection
- Cardinal principles of radiation protection
- ALARA principle
- Leakage radiation
- Radiographic features in modern x-ray imaging systems
- Design of primary and secondary radiation barriers
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiation dose management
- Radiation detection and management
- Occupational versus public radiation exposure
- Managing occupational exposure
- Reducing unnecessary patient radiation dose
- Pregnant patients
Chapter
Recommended readings available on the unit Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Consolidation and revision
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
This unit is designed to be taken concurrently with MEDI12002 Science and Instrumentation 1 and MEDI12003 Imaging Procedures 1. Content from both of those units will be referred to and applied in this unit in both learning activities and assessments. Each week normally includes two hours of lectures and a tutorial. There are practical lab sessions from Weeks 1 - 5 inclusive. You will be required to adhere to all occupational health and safety requirements related to the use of the Medical Imaging laboratories, including completion of the mandatory lab induction prior to your first session. You are required to wear your Medical Imaging lab/clinical shirt for all practical lab sessions.
1 In-class Test(s)
This in-class test will be held in Week 7 and you will write the in-class test to demonstrate your ability to apply the concepts and use the terminology from Weeks 1 - 5 of the unit. All questions will be based on the posted weekly learning goals. Question tasks will be of the same types that you will practice in weekly tutorials. These tasks may include analysis of projected diagrams, photographs and/or radiographs, creation of line diagrams to illustrate concepts, explanations and discussions.
This test is a closed-book assessment of 90 minutes duration. You will have a five minute perusal time prior to the allotted writing time. You will write the test under examinations conditions as detailed in the Assessment Procedures. You will submit your test paper and rough paper at the end of the test period.
This test must be written at the timetabled date and time. As per the Assessment Procedures, this task is to be completed during a defined period. There is no opportunity to apply a late penalty. If you arrive late, you may enter the test room up to 30 minutes after the start of the test; however, you will still be required to submit your test at the standard test end time. You will not be allowed entry more than 30 minutes after the test starts. In the absence of an approved extension, you cannot complete this assessment at a later time, and you will receive a mark of zero for the assessment if you have not completed it by the scheduled date and time.
Week 7 Monday (24 Apr 2017) 11:00 am AEST
Monday (8 May 2017)
Question responses will be scored on the following criteria:
- correct use of terminology
- correct selection and application of core concepts to the specific content of the question
- clarity, correctness, relevance and completeness of the response in addressing the question that was asked
The number of marks for each question are allocated based on the depth and breadth of the required response, and will be indicated on the test paper.
- Outline the design, structure and operation of the x-ray tube in the production of x-radiation.
- Discuss the use of devices and technical parameters to control the production, filtration and emission of the x-ray beam.
- Apply knowledge of x-ray interactive processes, probabilities of interactions and exponential attenuation concepts to the control of absorption and scatter in radiographic imaging and radiation protection.
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Information Literacy
2 In-class Test(s)
This in-class test will be held in Week 13 and you will write the in-class test to demonstrate your ability to apply the concepts and use the terminology from all weeks of study, with emphasis on Weeks 6 - 11 of the unit. All questions will be based on the posted weekly learning goals. Question tasks will be of the same types that you will practice in weekly tutorials. These tasks may include analysis of projected diagrams, photographs and/or radiographs, creation of line diagrams to illustrate concepts, explanations and discussions.
This test is a closed-book assessment of 90 minutes duration. You will have a five minute perusal time prior to the allotted writing time. You will write the test under examinations conditions as detailed in the Assessment Procedures. You will submit your test paper and rough paper at the end of the test period.
This test must be written at the timetabled date and time. As per the Assessment Procedures, this task is to be completed during a defined period. There is no opportunity to apply a late penalty. If you arrive late, you may enter the test room up to 30 minutes after the start of the test; however, you will still be required to submit your test at the standard test end time. You will not be allowed entry more than 30 minutes after the test starts. In the absence of an approved extension, you cannot complete this assessment at a later time, and you will receive a mark of zero for the assessment if you have not completed it by the scheduled date and time.
Review/Exam Week Monday (5 June 2017) 11:00 am AEST
The test is to be written during the timetabled class time.
Two weeks after the test due date.
Question responses will be scored on the following criteria:
- correct use of terminology
- correct selection and application of core concepts to the specific content of the question
- clarity, correctness, relevance and completeness of the response in addressing the question that was asked
The number of marks for each question are allocated based on the depth and breadth of the required response, and will be indicated on the test paper.
- Outline the design, structure and operation of the x-ray tube in the production of x-radiation.
- Discuss the use of devices and technical parameters to control the production, filtration and emission of the x-ray beam.
- Apply knowledge of x-ray interactive processes, probabilities of interactions and exponential attenuation concepts to the control of absorption and scatter in radiographic imaging and radiation protection.
- Discuss the long and short term effects of ionising radiation on the human body, embryo and foetus.
- Apply the ALARA principle to the operation of x-ray equipment and the practice of radiography.
- Communication
- Problem Solving
- Information Literacy
- Ethical practice
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.