Overview
In this unit you will apply your foundation knowledge of radiation science and human anatomy to the study of radiographic imaging. You will learn the principles of image geometry and technical factor selection that underpin radiographic technique and apply this technique to the acquisition of standard projection radiographs of the musculoskeletal system. You will learn to position the beam, patient and image receptor to produce standard radiographic appearances. You will be able to perform basic critique of the images and discuss the anatomical structures demonstrated on the images.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Prerequisites:MEDI12008 CHIR12004 CHIR12008
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 1 - 2022
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes – in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Undergraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of ‘pass’ in order to pass the unit. If any ‘pass/fail’ tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully (‘pass’ grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the ‘assessment task’ section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University’s Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure – International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback – Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
Feedback, Recommendations and Responses
Every unit is reviewed for enhancement each year. At the most recent review, the following staff and student feedback items were identified and recommendations were made.
Feedback from Student evaluation and informal conversations with students
Students appreciated the relevance and applicability of the content to their chosen career.
Continue to make explicit the link between theory and practice in lectures and tutorials.
Feedback from Student evaluation, emails from students, conversations with students
Some students found the desk-top virtual reality (VR) system difficult to use and needed support with this. A step-by-step guide to VR was made available on the VR meta-Moodle site.
Investigate the development of a FAQ page to answer common queries.
Feedback from Instructor reflection
Immersive VR imaging was made available on all campuses by mid-term. This was used by some, but not all students, as evidenced by the VR use statistics.
Encourage students to use the immersive VR system
Feedback from Teaching team reflection
The immersive VR system provides considerably more value to student psychomotor skill development in radiography than does the desktop system alone. If Zoom videoconferencing can be used to view and record student performance using the immersive system, it is the strongly preferred mode for assessment.
Investigate the use of Zoom with the immersive VR system for skills assessment.
- Discuss the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique
- Apply the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique and radiation science to controlling the appearances of projection radiographs
- Perform set-ups of imaging equipment and patients to produce skeletal radiographs safely and effectively at an advanced beginner level
- Discuss the radiographic appearances of anatomical structures on standard skeletal projection radiographs
- Critique radiographic images at an advanced beginner level.
This unit supports students in the attainment of the following Competency Standards of the Council on Chiropractic Education Australasia:
1.1 Complies with legal and ethical requirements
Adheres to relevant legislation, common law, codes, standards and other policy regulating chiropractic conduct and practice
1.4 Demonstrates professional integrity
Applies principles of risk management and quality improvement to practice
3.3 Obtains the results of clinical, laboratory and other diagnostic procedures necessary to inform care
Refers for or conducts imaging where clinically indicated
3.5 Critically analyses information available to generate a clinical impression
Demonstrates knowledge of diagnostic imaging techniques and procedures, including indications and limitations of available imaging modalities
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1 - Online Quiz(zes) - 20% | |||||
2 - Laboratory/Practical - 0% | |||||
3 - Portfolio - 0% | |||||
4 - Practical Assessment - 30% | |||||
5 - Online Test - 50% |
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1 - Communication | |||||
2 - Problem Solving | |||||
3 - Critical Thinking | |||||
4 - Information Literacy | |||||
5 - Team Work | |||||
6 - Information Technology Competence | |||||
7 - Cross Cultural Competence | |||||
8 - Ethical practice | |||||
9 - Social Innovation | |||||
10 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures |
Textbooks
Yochum and Rowe's Essentials of Skeletal Radiology
Edition: 3rd (2004)
Authors: Yochum T, Rowe L (Ed)
Lippincot, Williams and Wilkins
Philadelphia Philadelphia , Pa , United States of America
ISBN: 9780781739467
Binding: Hardcover
Radiographic imaging and exposure
Edition: 6th (2021)
Authors: Terri L. Fauber
Elsevier
USA
ISBN: 978-0-323-66139-3
Binding: Paperback
Additional Textbook Information
You should already have this textbook from a previous unit. There are some concepts taught and assessed in this unit which will be taken from this text.
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing styles below:
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
k.finlay@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
Introduction to radiographic technique
Beam geometry
Chapter
Fauber Ch 6 Exposure Technique Factors
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Technical factors, the beam and anode heating
Adjustment to technical factors
Chapter
Fauber Ch 8 Exposure Technique Selection
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Principles of image critique
Chapter
Fauber Ch 9 Image Evaluation
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiography workflow
Introduction to radiographic imaging of the spine
Chapter
Readings presented on Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the cervical spine
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 22 - 39 & pages 48,49
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the lumbar spine
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 50 - 79
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the thoracic spine, chest and ribs
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 40 - 47
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the pelvis and hips
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 80 - 81 & 84 - 89
Events and Submissions/Topic
First submission of Image Evaluation Portfolio due by Friday 6th May 2022 4pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the shoulder girdle
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 134 - 145
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the hand, wrist and elbow
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 146 - 171
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Radiographic imaging of the foot, ankle and knee
Chapter
Chapter 1 pages 90 - 129
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Consolidation
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Second submission of Image Evaluation Portfolio is due Friday 3rd June 2022 4pm AEST.
VR lab engagement Due: Week 12 Friday (3 June 2022) 5:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Practical assessment during timetabled sessions
End of term test
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Practical assessment during timetabled sessions
The unit coordinator for MEDI13007 is Karen Finlay.
During the term I may be off campus or teaching another unit. For this reason the preferred method of initial contact is email.
E: k.finlay@cqu.edu.au | Ph: 07 49407598| EXT 57598
As a 6-credit unit you are expected to spend 10 to 12 hours per week on this unit. It is important to budget your time and maintain adequate contact with the unit. A suggested weekly time budget is shown below.
- Pre-reading and preparation - 2 hours per week
- Watching lecture presentations and making notes - 3 hours per week
- Preparing for and attending tutorials - 2 hours per week
- Attending campus for supervised VR imaging labs and practice VR labs - 4 hours per week
- Studying for and completing assessment tasks - 18 hours over the course of the unit
All lecture material for this unit is recorded. You must have completed the pre-reading and watched the lecture presentations before attending your scheduled VR imaging lab. All tutorials are conducted via Zoom and tutorial questions will be posted on the unit Moodle site prior to each tutorial to enable preparation. If fewer than three students attend a tutorial, that session will not be recorded.
Each week you will have 3 on-campus lab sessions. One is an instructed lab class using the VR system and is videoconferenced. The other two sessions are weekly lab practice sessions with classmates using the VR system to develop your radiographic technique skills.
1 Online Quiz(zes)
It is important that you understand the underlying principles of radiographic imaging to enable you to image patients safely and effectively. This online quiz will assess your understanding prior to you applying those principles in the virtual skills labs.
You will complete an online quiz which will assess your knowledge and understanding of concepts covered in weeks 1 - 2 of term. The quiz will have a range of question formats. Question tasks will be similar to the type you will practice in tutorials and formative quizzes. Some answers may require diagrams to be labelled. Calculations may be required.
The online quiz will be time-limited, and once you open the quiz you will not be able to pause or re-start it. Once opened the quiz will remain open for 45 minutes and will then automatically close. Any unanswered or unsaved responses will receive zero marks.
The quiz must be written within the allocated time. In the absence of an approved extension there will be no opportunity for you to complete this assessment at a later time and you will receive a score of zero for this assessment task.
You must undertake the test as individuals and not with classmates or others. As with all other University assessments, colluding with other students on a non-group work task is considered academic misconduct and will be dealt with in accordance with the Student Academic Integrity Policy. The test is open-book, but be mindful of the time-limited nature of the test. If you answer the questions using any text other than lectures or the prescribed text, you must cite your sources using the Harvard referencing system. Failure to cite sources constitutes academic misconduct and will be dealt with in accordance of the relevant policy. It is important that you understand the underlying principles of radiographic imaging to enable you to image patients safely and effectively. This online quiz will assess your understanding prior to you applying those principles in the virtual skills labs.
1
Week 3 Thursday (24 Mar 2022) 4:00 pm AEST
The test will open at 10am AEST on Thursday 24th March 2022 and close at 4pm AEST on Thursday 24th March 2022
The results will be released as soon as all students have had the opportunity to complete it, including those with approved extensions.
Your responses are scored on the following criteria:
- correct use of terminology
- factual correctness of presented material
- relevance of stated content to the question asked
- application of foundation concepts to the question asked
- clarity, thoroughness and completeness of explanations
The marks allocated for each question will be indicated in the question.
- Discuss the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique
- Apply the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique and radiation science to controlling the appearances of projection radiographs
2 Laboratory/Practical
It is vital for chiropractors to develop knowledge and skills in radiographic imaging.
From Week 5 onward, you are scheduled to participate in three hands-on labs per week using the fully immersive Virtual Reality (VR) radiography learning system located at your campus. These sessions support your ability to apply radiographic technique correctly in planning and carrying out radiographic examinations in a simulated clinical environment. One weekly lab is instructed and the other two weekly sessions are for group practice of the week’s radiographic examinations.
In each instructed session you will be part of a lab group of four students. You will be on campus in the VR lab room while also connected on Zoom with your group and tutor. Each session will be recorded.
You and your group members will perform full simulated radiographic examinations, including preparation of the patient and equipment, set-up of the x-ray tube, patient and image receptor, selecting technical parameters, taking the exposure and viewing the resultant radiographic image. You will prepare your patient by obtaining informed consent and verifying pregnancy status.
In each instructed lab session, two students will be selected by the tutor to carry out simulated radiographic examinations while the other group members observe on Zoom. Following each simulation performance the group will debrief. During the debrief, the observers will provide to the performer specific feedback on performance relative to the required criteria. Whether you are performing or providing peer feedback, you will need to be familiar with the radiographic projections for that week in order to participate. During Weeks 5 – 11, you and your group will be performing radiographic projections from the list for that week. In Week 12, the projections may be from any of those weeks. Over period of eight weeks each member of your group will have the opportunity to perform four projections and provide peer feedback on twelve simulations.
Week 12 Friday (3 June 2022) 5:00 pm AEST
No submission required. Attendance and engagement will be assessed by the tutor.
Exam Week Friday (17 June 2022)
This task is assessed on:
- Engagment by providing peer feedback on at least 6 simulation performances by other group members AND performing at least 3 simulations of projections selected by the tutor.
To achieve a grade of 'Pass' for this task you must:
- attend a minimum of six virtual labs, offering peer feedback on 6 performances and
- complete a minimum of three radiographic examinations in the virtual labs.
No submission method provided.
- Perform set-ups of imaging equipment and patients to produce skeletal radiographs safely and effectively at an advanced beginner level
3 Portfolio
It is important that Chiropractors have the necessary skills and knowledge to safely and effectively image patients. This involves patient positioning, equipment set-up and appropriate technical factor selection. Another important aspect is the ability to evaluate resultant images for technical sufficiency.
This portfolio documents your hands-on developmental experience in radiographic technique and in your image assessment skill.
You will use the Skilitics Virtual Radiography system to perform simulations of radiographic examinations. This includes positioning the x-ray tube, patient and image receptor, selecting the technical parameters and capturing the radiographs. You will then evaluate the technical sufficiency of images that you have acquired, documenting your evaluation using the supplied proforma. The proforma requires that you provide 24 information items in your image evaluation. In tutorials you will practice image evaluation using the proforma to support your understanding of the depth of response required for each section and the appropriate use of technical terminology to articulate your responses.
The images that you will acquire and evaluate will be from the list of radiographic projections that you are expected to learn and perform each week. You must include two images from each week’s projection listing, from Weeks 5 – 11 inclusive, for a total of fourteen assessed images.
You will compile your evaluated images and their documented evaluations into a portfolio. The required structure of your portfolio document will be detailed on the Moodle site.
Note that the radiographs themselves are not being scored. Whether or not the radiograph that you produce would meet all acceptance criteria is not being assessed here. It is your evaluation of your images that is being assessed. You are demonstrating that you know how each radiograph ought to appear, that you are able to determine whether or not your image matches the expected appearances and that if it does not, you would how to correct that. Your responses on your proforma will need to address the image that you have acquired and thus will not necessarily be the same as those of your classmates.
You are required to submit your portfolio twice during the term. Your first submission (Week 8) must include six images that you have produced, two projections from each of Weeks 5 – 7. Your second submission (Week 12) must include those plus two projections each from Weeks 8 – 11, for a total of fourteen images and their evaluations. Your first submission will be scored with the marker selecting at random one of your six image evaluations. Your second submission will be scored with the marker selecting at random either one or two image evaluations, as detailed below.
Submission information:
Scoring of each image evaluation will be as detailed in the Assessment Criteria below. Scores for each image evaluation are categorised into three levels: meets the minimum requirement, slightly below the minimum requirement and far below the minimum requirement.
If your Week 8 submission score is meets the minimum requirement :
- your Week 12 submission will then have one further image evaluation scored (again selected at random). If your Week 12 image evaluation score is also meets the minimum requirement, your portfolio task is now complete.
- If your Week 12 image evaluation score is slightly below the minimum requirement, you will be given one opportunity to re-submit. You will be required to produce another image of a different projection than any you have submitted and to evaluate it. You will add that to your portfolio as the fifteenth image and its evaluation. That fifteenth image evaluation will be scored as your final opportunity to pass this assessment task.
- If your Week 12 image evaluation score is far below the minimum requirement, you will not be allowed any further submission.
If your Week 8 submission score is below the level of meets the minimum requirement:
- you will be given one opportunity to resubmit. You will be required to produce an additional image of a different projection from Weeks 5 – 7, evaluate it and add it to your portfolio as a fifteenth image for the Week 12 submission. Your Week 12 submission will be scored with the marker selecting at random two of your fifteen evaluations, with your score from your Week 8 submission discarded. You will not have any further opportunities to resubmit.
The first submission must be completed by Friday 6th May 2022 4pm AEST. The second submission must be completed by Friday 3rd June 2022 4pm AEST
Results will be returned within two weeks of the submission dates.
Each image evaluation requires you to provide 24 information items, each of which scores one point when correct and complete for a total of 24 possible points.
This portfolio is assessed on the following aspects:
- Completeness relative to the requirements stated in the Task Description regarding the number and type of projection images and their evaluations
- Correctness and completeness of the scored image evaluations
Image evaluation scoring ranges:
- Meets the minimum requirement: 19 – 24 points
- Slightly below the minimum requirement: 12 – 18 points
- Far below the minimum requirement: 0 – 11 points
To attain a Pass mark in this Pass/Fail assessment task, your portfolio must:
- Have had both parts submitted by their respective due dates
- Be complete in content
- Meet the minimum scoring requirement on BOTH scored image evaluations.
- Apply the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique and radiation science to controlling the appearances of projection radiographs
- Critique radiographic images at an advanced beginner level.
4 Practical Assessment
In this unit you are developing the knowledge and psychomotor skills required for correct radiographic positioning and use of radiographic equipment. These skills are prerequisites to your clinical practice in your Masters study, during which you will perform radiographic examinations on clinic patients.
In this assessment, you will perform a high fidelity simulation two-projection radiographic examination. This will be completed using the full immersion Virtual Reality (VR) radiographic learning system, available on all participating campuses. Zoom videoconferencing technology with a webcam will be used to capture both your VR activities and your in-room actions. The session will be recorded.
You will be tasked to complete two radiographic projections (one for the spine and one on a non-spine body part), as selected by your marker at random from the list of projections studied during the term. You will have 10 minutes to complete the simulated radiographic examination, including:
- Completing safety checks, explaining the procedure and obtaining informed consent
- Positioning of the patient
- Set-up of the equipment (tube, collimation, side marker and image receptor)
- Selection of technical parameters at the control panel
- Generating the ‘exposure’ after suitably instructing your patient
Please note:
- This is a timed assessment. You will have 10 minutes to complete the practical tasks. If you have not completed the tasks within 10 minutes, the assessment will be stopped and you will be marked based on your performance to that point.
- This assessment task will be recorded to enable moderation.
- You must complete the tasks without reference to any guidance resources such as notes, texts or electronic devices.
- If on your first attempt you do not achieve the minimum score you will be given one additional opportunity to perform this assessment task to the required level. If you require a second attempt, the maximum score for the practical assessment will be 50% regardless of the actual score.
- A detailed marking rubric demonstrating the requirements of the practical aspects of the assessment are posted on the unit Moodle site.
This assessment must be completed during the timetabled assessment sessions in weeks 13 and 14.
Exam Week Friday (17 June 2022)
You will be marked on the following criteria:
- Correct, explicit and clear explanation of the procedures
- Explicit informed consent sought
- Correct position of the person or limb relative to the required projection
- Correct position and centring of the x-ray tube relative to the required projection
- Correct positioning of the image receptor
- Accurate and safe use of the equipment
- Adherence to medico-legal requirements in relation to the use of ionising radiation
Each aspect has a minimum score to pass. Some tasks are of a more critical nature than others, therefore require a higher level of performance.
- Perform set-ups of imaging equipment and patients to produce skeletal radiographs safely and effectively at an advanced beginner level
5 Online Test
You will complete a 90 minute online test during the university review week. The specific date and time of the test will be announced during the term. The purpose of this test is for you to demonstrate your understanding and ability to apply the concepts and correct use of the terminology from all weeks of the unit content.
The questions may include naming anatomy on an image, critiquing an image in terms of technical sufficiency, suggesting ways to improve the technical sufficiency of the image, critiquing the patient position relative to a stated projection, or explaining the science underpinning why a stated projection is completed as it is. Content from all weeks may be assessed. The number of marks available for each question will be indicated on the test.
The quiz must be completed within the allocated time. In the absence of an approved extension there will be no opportunity for you to complete this assessment at a later time and you will receive a score of zero for this assessment task.
You must undertake the test as individuals and not with classmates or others. As with all other University assessments, colluding with other students on a non-group work task is considered academic misconduct and will be dealt with in accordance with the Student Academic Integrity Policy. The test is open-book, but be mindful of the time-limited nature of the test. If you answer the questions using any text other than lectures or the prescribed text, you must cite your sources using the Harvard referencing system. Failure to cite sources constitutes academic misconduct and will be dealt with in accordance of the relevant policy.
A specific date and time within Review/Exam week will be set
Marks will be released on release of grades.
You will be marked on the following criteria:
- correct use of terminology
- factual correctness of presented material
- relevance of stated content to the question asked
- application of foundation concepts to the question asked
- clarity, thoroughness and completeness of explanations
The marks allocated for each question will be indicated in the question information.
- Discuss the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique
- Apply the fundamental concepts of radiographic technique and radiation science to controlling the appearances of projection radiographs
- Discuss the radiographic appearances of anatomical structures on standard skeletal projection radiographs
- Critique radiographic images at an advanced beginner level.
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.